Why collusion occurs

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The reason for the secrecy is that such behavior is illegal in the United States under antitrust laws.

Collusion can take one of two forms. Explicit collusion occurs when two or more firms in the same industry formally agree to control the market. Implicit collusion occurs when two or more firms in the same industry control the market through informal, interdependent actions. Collusion is one of two ways oligopoly firms cooperate to avoid competition. The other is through mergers. Collusion is a characteristic trait of oligopolistic industries. Intense competition and interdependent decision-making encourages oligopolistic firms to cooperate.

One way to lessen the competition among an oligopolistic rival is to join forces through collusion. Two Types of Collusion Collusion can take one of two forms--explicit collusion and implicit collusion.

Explicit Collusion : Also termed overt collusion, this occurs when two or more firms in the same industry formally agree to control the market. Admittedly, because collusion in the United States and most industrialized countries is illegal, such a formal agreement is likely to be highly secret and unlikely to be documented in any way. It might involve nothing more than a "casual" lunch among company presidents, a "chance" meeting at a conference of industry executives, or company decision-makers skulking around back alleys in the dead of the night discussing price charges.

Implicit Collusion : Also termed tacit collusion, this occurs when two or more firms in the same industry informally agree to control the market, often through nothing more than interdependent actions. A prime example of implicit collusion is price leadership. In this case, one firm takes the lead of setting a price that will boost profits for the entire industry. Other firms then go along with this price, knowing that they stand to benefit by doing so.

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List of Partners vendors. Your Money. Personal Finance. Your Practice. Popular Courses. Economics Microeconomics. What Is Collusion? Key Takeaways Collusion occurs when entities or individuals work together to influence a market or pricing for their own advantage.

Acts of collusion include price fixing, synchronized advertising, and sharing insider information. Antitrust and whistleblower laws help to deter collusion. Compare Accounts. The offers that appear in this table are from partnerships from which Investopedia receives compensation. This compensation may impact how and where listings appear. Investopedia does not include all offers available in the marketplace.